A Robust 3D Model Watermarking Scheme Based on the Normal Vector Angle

Copyright protection becomes a more and more important issue with the rapid development of the creation of 3D model. The paper proposes a novel robust watermarking scheme for 3D model based on the normal vector angles of the triangles in 3D model. Firstly, we construct the Cartesian coordinates system of 3D model, calculate the unit normal vectors at the center points of the triangles and the angles of the unit normal vectors. Then we regard the large angles as the embedding angles to embed the watermark. Finally, many attacking experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm is imperceptible and robust against common attacks such as simplifications, adding noise, and model cropping.