The Arctic Ocean’s Eurasian Basin underwent notable atlantification during the 2010s, characterized by warming of the Atlantic Water layer and increased upper ocean salinity. …
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme climatic events that last for days to months and can extend up to thousands of kilometers and cause substantial ecological, social, and economic …
North Pacific ocean desert (NPOD) refers to the subtropical North Pacific Ocean of low chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, as the largest ocean desert globally. Studies have …
Ocean surface waves are essential to navigation safety, coastal activities, and climate systems. Numerical simulations are still the primary methods used in wave climate research, …
Westerly wind trends at 850 hPa over the Southern Ocean during 1979–2011 exhibit strong regional and seasonal asymmetries. On an annual basis, trends in the Pacific sector …